The Instructional Methods Used by Lower Elementary Stage Teachers in Teaching Reading to Third Grade Students at UNRWA Schools in Jordan |
| Khalil Al.Fayyoumi |
| k.fayyoumi@unrwa.org |
| Received : 26-08-2008 , Accepted : 26-05-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aimed at investigating the instructional methods used by lower elementary stage teachers (1 – 3) in teaching reading to third grade students at UNRWA schools in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (8) male and female teachers purposefully selected. To answer the research questions both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The study instruments included an Observation Checklist of teaching reading lessons, and interviews with lower elementary stage teachers, two Arabic language curriculum designers, and third grade students. For the purpose of conducting the study, both the “General Guidelines and Objectives of the Third Grade Arabic Language Curriculum”, “Our Arabic Language Textbook” and the “Teacher’s Book” were carefully studied and analyzed. Results of the study showed that (58%) of lower elementary stage teachers tend to employ mono teacher-oriented instructional methods, while (33%) tend to employ multi instructional strategies. The study also highlighted the importance of the “General Guidelines and Objectives of the Third Grade Arabic Language Curriculum” in helping teachers employ various effective instructional techniques capable of achieving the desired outcomes when teaching reading lessons to third grade students. Keywords: instructional strategies, lower elementary stage teachers (1 – 3), reading लेस्सोंस http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2150&l=en&extra=%26id%3D599. |
الخميس، 3 ديسمبر 2009
The Instructional Methods Used by Lower Elementary Stage Teachers in Teaching Reading to Third Grade Students at UNRWA Schools in Jordan
Kinetic Study of the Complexation of Palladium (II) with 2-(5-Bromo-2-Pyridylazo)-5-Diethylaminophenol
Kinetic Study of the Complexation of Palladium (II) with 2-(5-Bromo-2-Pyridylazo)-5-Diethylaminophenol |
| Bassem F. Shraydeh; Ali Z. Abu Zuhri |
| Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The kinetics of the complexation reaction of palladium with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) has been studied in the stability time at the optimum pH of 3.53 in presence of 50% ethanol. The effect of ionic strength and temperature on the reaction rate were reported. A mechanism has been postulated and the stability constants of the individual steps were determined. The Arrhenius and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and discussed. |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D484 |
Explanation of the Shape of Calibration Graphs Obtained for Mercury, Zinc and Copper in Stream Water Samples
Explanation of the Shape of Calibration Graphs Obtained for Mercury, Zinc and Copper in Stream Water Samples |
| Radi Salim; Ismat Shakhshier |
| Chemistry Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Calibration graphs have been obtained for mercury, zinc and copper ions using buffered (pH 7।4) stream water and centrifuged stream water samples. Two hypothesis explaining the shape of the obtained calibration graphs have been suggested; one refers the shape to the adsorption of-trace elements on the suspended particles and on the container surfaces, the other hypotheses refers the shape of calibration graphs to the presence of chemical interference. The strength of the two hypotheses has been compared. The effect of time on the shape of the calibration graphs has also been investigated. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D490 |
Short Communication: Solvent Effects on ? Values of the Hammett Equation for the Hydrolysis of Benzylidene Benzoylhydrazones
Short Communication: Solvent Effects on ? Values of the Hammett Equation for the Hydrolysis of Benzylidene Benzoylhydrazones |
| Mohammed A. Al-Nuri |
| Associate Prof., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The effect of solvents on ? values of the Hammett equation which characterizes the hydrolysis of Benzylidene Benzoylhydrazone (BBH) and its derivatives (m—NO2 m—CH3, m—OCH3 and m—Cl), have been studied with four solvents (MeOH, Et0H (1), n—BuOH, and DMSO) by U।V. — spectrophotometry. The effects of solvents on ? values, one of the Hammett equation parameters, have been reported and discussed. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D501 |
Short Communication: Addition of Bis (methylthio) acetylene to Nitrilium Salts
Short Communication: Addition of Bis (methylthio) acetylene to Nitrilium Salts |
| Rajab Abu El-Halawa, J.C. Jochims |
| 1 Assistant Prof. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University; 2 Prof. Dr. Department of Chemistry, Konstanz University, West Germany |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Azaallenium salt 7 was isolated at low temperature by the addition of bis (methylthio) acetylene to nitrilium salts। The isolated azaallenium salt 7 was rearranged to afford the 1:1 heterocyclic adduct 8. A detailed mechanism is discussed. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D500 |
A Study of a Flexible Submerged Cylindrical Tank Subject to Lateral Ground Excitation
A Study of a Flexible Submerged Cylindrical Tank Subject to Lateral Ground Excitation |
| Amin H. Helou |
| 1 Engineering Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, West-Bank |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
In a submerged rigid oil storage tank it is possible to evaluate the internal and external hydrodynamic forces separately। Internally the forces are due to internal waves generated at the oil-water interface. Externally, they are due to radiated waves. When such a tank is made of steel, at it is usually the case, the internal and external forces get coupled through the flexibility of the shell, hence their solutions become inseparable. The following is an analytical treatment for the case of a flexible tank it expands the solution of the rigid tank to include the shell flexibility effect. The submerged tank is assumed to be subject to a harmonic lateral ground excitation. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D519 |
Short Communication: The Mechanism of 1- Octene Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction Catalysed by Ru3(CO)12
Short Communication: The Mechanism of 1- Octene Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction Catalysed by Ru3(CO)12 |
| Hikmat S. Hilal, Waheed Jondi, Shukri Khalaf |
| 1, 2, 3 Chemistry Department, An-Najah N., University, Nablus, West-Bank |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of terminal olefins have been reported under thermal and photochemical conditions using Ru3 (C0) 12, 1, and HRu3 (CO)!!, 2,11 '0 In a very recent work, we reported E LI that 1 catalyses both Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of 1-octene (eq। 1). It has been found that the isomerization reaction occurs via lower nuclearity catalytic species that result from fragmentation of the mother cluster 1. Evidence in favour of concurrent cluster catalysis was also reported. On the other hand, the hydrosilylation reaction occurred via cluster catalysis at first and after some-time fragment catalysis occurred. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D520 |
On the HK Completions of Sequence Spaces
On the HK Completions of Sequence Spaces |
| Abduallah Hakawati, K. Snyder |
| 1 Department of Mathematics, An-Najah National University/Nablus - West Bank; 2 Department of Mathematics, Lehigh University/Bethlehem, Pa. 18015 U.S.A. |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
If the space ? (the finite sequences) is equipped with the norm which is naturally induced by a positive definite Hermitian and diagonally blockwise constructed matrix, then an HK completion exists। http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D517 |
An X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Examination of Glasses from the Se-S Alloy System
An X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Examination of Glasses from the Se-S Alloy System |
| G. M. Saffarini, B. R. Orton |
| 1 Physics Department, An-Najah National University; 2 Physics Department, Brunel University, U.K. |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Mixtures of sulphur and selenium have been prepared in the form of bulk glasses over the composition range Se, 10, to 50 at % S। X-ray diffraction measurements on these alloys give structure factors which have first sharp diffraction peaks (FSDP) indicating medium as well as short range order. To investigate possible local order, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements have been obtained on these glasses. The emphasis of the measurements has concentrated on two features, (a) the valence band, which depends on the over-all density of states and (b) the plasmon energies from the 1,31v14.5Mos selenium Auger peaks which may be looked upon as being determined by the local electron density about the selenium atoms. It is found that the s-type peaks of the valence band split into two components between 15 and 40 at % S while the p-type peaks remain similar to pure selenium. The plasmon energies from the Auger peaks change markedly with composition. As sulphur is added to selenium the plasmon energy decreases, compared with the pure element, but sluts to increase at 20 at % S so that at a composition of 40 at % S the plasmon energy is the same as that of elemental selenium. A simple model is proposed to explain these results. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D516 |
Triangular Fuzzy Metric
Triangular Fuzzy Metric |
| Mohammad A. Mahmoud Al-Amleh |
| 1 Mathematics Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus-West Bank |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This paper presents a new method to rank triangular fuzzy numbers as well as a new metric (triangular fuzzy metric) on the set of fuzzy points। This metric can be used in both studying fuzzy topological spaces and decision-making theory. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D515 |
Microbiological Screening of the Environments of Two Hospitals in Nablus
Microbiological Screening of the Environments of Two Hospitals in Nablus |
| Yahya Faydi, Abdel Hadi Hamdan, Mohammed Saleem Ali Shtayeh, Suleiman Al-Khalil |
| 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; 2 Department of Biological Sciences, An-Najah University |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Both blood agar and MacConkey plates were used for the isolation of bacteria from the environments of two hospitals in Nablus। Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococci were isolated from saline solution kept in glass bottles for washing and cleansing wounds, suction machines, respirators, endotracheal tubings, oxygen pumps and sinks. Alcaligenes odorans was isolated from the suction machines and Dettol solution. Aeromonas species were isolated from deionized water and sinks, the implications of these findings were also discussed. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D530 |
Effects of Copper on the Growth, Uptake and Distribution of Uptake in Roots and Shoots of Carrot Plants Treated with Copper Solutions by Either Root-T
Effects of Copper on the Growth, Uptake and Distribution of Uptake in Roots and Shoots of Carrot Plants Treated with Copper Solutions by Either Root-Treatment or Foliar-Treatment |
| Radi Dauod, Mohammed M. Al-Subu, Ahmed Douleh |
| Department of Chemistry, An-Najah University |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
Effect of treatment of carrot plant with copper solutions have been investigated। The growth of plant as well as its uptake of copper and the distribution of this uptake between roots and shoots of the treated plants were followed in the study. Two types of treatment have been used: root-treatment and foliar- treatment. Copper solutions with concentrations of 0.3 - 7.6 ppm were used for root - treatment (200 nil batches repeated for 12 times over the whole period of growth) and for foliar treatment (50 ml batches repeated for 12 times over the whole period of growth). The root -treatment of the plants resulted in 10 - 63% reduction in the dry weight of plant while foliar - treatment resulted in 2 - 69% weight reduction. Comparing the two types of treatment (via determination of amounts of copper causing 50% growth inhibition) indicated a much higher effect of foliar - treatment over root - treatment on the growth of the plants and more obviously on the growth of the shoots. The concentration and total content of copper in the treated plants as well as in their roots and shoots increased with the increase of copper concentration in solutions used for either the root - treatment or the foliar-treatment. The copper content of the shoots of treated plants exceeded the content in their roots, and this was more so in the case of foliar - treatment. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D528 |
Scientific Cognitive Achievement among Track and Field Players and Coaches in Jordan
Scientific Cognitive Achievement among Track and Field Players and Coaches in Jordan |
| Aman Khasawneh, Zohair Al Zoubi |
| amana752001@yahoo.com |
| Received : 24-05-2006 , Accepted : 10-04-2007 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aimed at determining levels of scientific cognitive achievement among track and field players and coaches based on gender and educational level. A descriptive research design was initialized to collect information from a sample of 121 players and coaches. The instrument used in this study had six dimensions including historical, rules, physical, nutrition, injuries and biomechanics. The overall results of the study indicated that track and field players had an average level of scientific cognitive achievement while coaches had above average cognitive achievement. The highest levels of scientific cognitive achievement for both track and field players and coaches were on the rule and historical dimensions where as the lowest levels were on injuries and biomechanics dimensions for track and field players; biomechanics, nutrition and physical dimensions for coaches. Moreover, differences were not found between players and coaches, based on cognitive achievement and gender. However, differences were found based on educational levels for the degree of bachelors. The study proposed a number of theoretical and practical implications for individual working in the aria of track and फिएल्ड http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2150&l=en&extra=%26id%3D190. |
The Treatment of Some Deviation Cases in Non-Standard Data Using Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Applied to Arabic Language
The Treatment of Some Deviation Cases in Non-Standard Data Using Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Applied to Arabic Language |
| Bilal Alshafei |
| bshafi2@hotmail.com |
| Department of French, College of Art, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territories |
| Received : 06-03-2006 , Accepted : 05-08-2007 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The aim of this study is to try to investigate the problem of deviation in non-standard data generated by inquiry into Arabic language, using research engines or some Natural Language Processing programs (NLP) applied to Arabic। The deviation could be corrected by using expert systems and some neural networking. It will try to analyze these issues from both linguistic point of view and technological point of view in order to find the best way to build a model of work that could find solutions for some deviant cases using Artificial Intelligence (Expert Systems and neural networks). Above all, this work could serve as a starting point for farther research on the deviant cases. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2150&l=en&extra=%26id%3D209 |
The Effect of Monensin, Lasalocid and a Monensin/Lasalocid Rotation of Fungal Population in the Rumen of Concentrate and Roughage Fed Steers
The Effect of Monensin, Lasalocid and a Monensin/Lasalocid Rotation of Fungal Population in the Rumen of Concentrate and Roughage Fed Steers |
| Jamal Abo-Omar |
| Assistant Professor, Dept of Animal Production, An-Najah N. University, Nablus |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Two studies using three ruminally cannulated beef steers in the first one fed a roughage diet (98% chopped alfalfa at maintenance) and 12 beef steers in the second fed limited ration (85% adlib intake) composed of 90% concentrate diet (80% cracked corn, 10% soybean meal), and 10% chopped alfalfa were allotted to treatment groups receiving a supplement of either monensin / tylan (m27।5 ppm / 11 ppm), lasalocid (33 ppm) or a daily rotation of the two ionophores to examine the effect of the ionophores on rumen population of anaerobic fungi over time and the relationship between fungal numbers and methane production. In the first study, nylon bags containing leaf blades of 5mm length were incubated for 24 hrs in the rumen. Samples were counted on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 28 Fungi sporangia on blades were counted microscopically (00x). Study 2, steers were assigned as above and after methane production was measured using indirect respiration calorimetry, samples of rumen contents were collected by stomach tube pretreatment, and on days 2, S, 16, and 45 after initiation of ionophore treatments. Differences of fungi numbers over time and between treatments were not significant, yet, there was a trend of initial ionophore inhibition on fungi with limited evidence of adaptation over time there was a positive correlation (P <> http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D538 |
Design of Storm Water Drainage Systems Storm Water Drainage Systems in Middle Eastern Cities: A New Approach
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 10 , 1996, Pages: 124-150 | |
| |
Design of Storm Water Drainage Systems Storm Water Drainage Systems in Middle Eastern Cities: A New Approach | |
| Zaher S. Khaiel | |
| Civil Engineering Dept., Islamic University of Gaza | |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
It is a tradition among the Arab designers not to consider the effect of sediments in their design of drainage systems which would give a wrong design, especially according to the lack of maintenance of drainage systems। Ignoring the effect of sediments leads to ignoring a major factor affecting the hydraulic roughness of the flow, where sediments increase the hydraulic roughness and also decrease the cross section of the sewers. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach to handle the design of storm sewers and also to include all hydraulic factors which affect the flow, these factors are: 1. Properties of sediments (diameter, shape and density). 2. Water properties (density, viscosity and temperature). 3. Flow characteristics (velocity, sediment concentration, sediment depth, gravitational force and depth of sediments) In order to achieve this model, laboratory tests (carried out by the author on a prototype at Salford Hydraulic Laboratory in Manchester). http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D539 | |
Indoor Radon Concentration Measurements At Hebron University Campus :A Case Study
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 10 , 1996, Pages: 092-107 | |
| |
Indoor Radon Concentration Measurements At Hebron University Campus :A Case Study | |
| Fakhri I. Hasan | |
| Associate Professor, Physics Department, Hebron University, Hebron | |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
TASTRAK, a solid state nuclear track detector has been used to measure indoor radon concentrations at Hebron University। Fifty- four radon pot detectors were mounted in the four university buildings. It was found that the radon concentrations vary considerably from about 1 Bq/m 3 to 250 Bq/m3 The average radon concentrations vary from 20.5 Bq/m3 in the Main Building to 41.3 Bq/m3 in the Agriculture Building. The average radon concentration in the four buildings is found to be 29.8 Bq/m 3. This leads to an average effective dose equivalent of 1.49 mSvly. This dose is slightly higher than the global value of 1.3 mSv/y. Elevated radon concentrations have been found in few rooms. However, these concentrations are well below the action level of 150 Bq/m3. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D537 | |
Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques
Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques |
| Samir H. Helou |
| Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus. |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
For an existing reinforced concrete or steel structure the evaluation of the stiffness matrix may be hampered by certain physical limitations such as material deterioration resulting from prolonged use an adverse or in a corrosive environment. The following is a method that allows the determination of the member stiffness of an indeterminate truss through a minimization technique of a properly constructed Error Function. Thus exact sectional and material properties do not have to be known a priori. |
Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 10 , 1996, Pages: 083-091 | |
| |
Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques | |
| Samir H. Helou | |
| Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus. | |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
For an existing reinforced concrete or steel structure the evaluation of the stiffness matrix may be hampered by certain physical limitations such as material deterioration resulting from prolonged use an adverse or in a corrosive environment। The following is a method that allows the determination of the member stiffness of an indeterminate truss through a minimization technique of a properly constructed Error Function. Thus exact sectional and material properties do not have to be known a priori. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D536 | |
The Response of Three Varieties of Wheat to Nitrogen Fertilization
The Response of Three Varieties of Wheat to Nitrogen Fertilization |
| Hassan Abu-Qaoud, Numan Mizyed |
| Dept. of Plant Production & Protection, An-Najah N. University-Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 06-10-1997 , Accepted : 19-07-1998 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 kg N / dunum) on the production of three wheat varieties (780, Lakeesh and Anbar) were studied। The experiment was conducted for two successive seasons 1994 and 1995. In the second season (1995) a higher nitrogen fertilization rate (16 kg N / dunum) and a third variety (Anbar) were added. The different levels of nitrogen fertilization were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design for each variety. The results showed positive response of the three varieties to the nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased significantly the total yield and the straw weight in variety 780 and the grain weight for lakeesh variety in the first season. In the second season, there was a significant quadratic relation between the nitrogen fertilization and the total grain and straw weight in variety 780 and the total and grain weight for lackeesh, however for Anbar variety a significant quadratic relation was only shown between the nitrogen application and straw weight. There was no significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on grain size or the level of nitrogen and protein in the grains. Using the yield-fertilizer application relations obtained in the experiment, it was found that the optimal nitrogen fertilization which gave the highest (optimal) return were 5.7, 12.6 and 9.5 kg dunum for the three varieties (lakeesh, 780 and Anbar) subsequently. The optimal amount of fertilization wasn't highly influenced with 20% changes in prices. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D550 |
Text-to-Speech Synthesis by Diphones for Modern Standard Arabic
Text-to-Speech Synthesis by Diphones for Modern Standard Arabic |
| Nader Abu Ghattas, Hanna Abdel Nour |
| qudsengi@planet.edu |
| Department of Electronic Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Al-Quds University. Jerusalem, Palestine |
| Received : 29-05-2001 , Accepted : 22-11-2005 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
An unlimited vocabulary text-to-speech synthesis by diphones system is used to generate Modern Standard Arabic speech: the system is the PSOLA algorithm; the diphones are obtained from the permutation of 44 phones (phonemes and allophones). The diphonic combinations were introduced in carrier words and recorded by a selected speaker. A dictionary of diphones was established by means of a process of segmentation that abided by certain rules. Evaluation of the system was undertaken to assess the accuracy on word and sentence levels. The results showed high perception levels. |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D294
Text-to-Speech Synthesis by Diphones for Modern Standard Arabic |
| Nader Abu Ghattas, Hanna Abdel Nour |
| qudsengi@planet.edu |
| Department of Electronic Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Al-Quds University. Jerusalem, Palestine |
| Received : 29-05-2001 , Accepted : 22-11-2005 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
An unlimited vocabulary text-to-speech synthesis by diphones system is used to generate Modern Standard Arabic speech: the system is the PSOLA algorithm; the diphones are obtained from the permutation of 44 phones (phonemes and allophones). The diphonic combinations were introduced in carrier words and recorded by a selected speaker. A dictionary of diphones was established by means of a process of segmentation that abided by certain rules. Evaluation of the system was undertaken to assess the accuracy on word and sentence levels. The results showed high perception levels. |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D294
Statistical Inference for the Rate Ratio in a Two-way Contingency Table with an Empty Cell
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 19 , 2005, Pages: 131-157 | |
| |
Statistical Inference for the Rate Ratio in a Two-way Contingency Table with an Empty Cell | |
| Mahmoud Okasha | |
| m.okasha@palnet.com. | |
| Department of Applied Statistics. Faculty of Economics. Al-Azhar University. Gaza. Palestine | |
| Received : 25-01-2005 , Accepted : 28-08-2005 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
In many statistical data analyses, the problem of analyzing contingency tables that contain empty cells is commonly encountered in all fields of research. The odds ratio and risk ratio are not applicable in such a case because of an unidentifiablity problem. In the present paper the rate ratio between the second negative response given an initial negative response and the initial negative response in a two-way contingency table with a zero-count in one of the off-diagonal cells is utilized. Hypothesis testing and confidence interval construction for the rate ratio based on the Wald’s test statistic and its logarithmic transformation will be reviewed. Inference based on large sample theory and small-sample on the rate ratio of this case is discussed. The asymptotic performance of the Wald’s test statistic and its logarithmic transformation is examined. By adopting these statistics, full unconditional exact small-sample procedures that have been proposed by Tang and Tang (2002) are discussed. The procedures are modified by utilizing the maximum likelihood estimator of the rate ratio and the conditional likelihood functions. The accuracy of all the methods is empirically assessed. We show that our modified conditional procedures are more reliable than both exact and asymptotic procedures in terms of coverage probability and expected interval width. The methodology is applied to data on family planning in the Gaza Strip and other examples from the literature. | |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D293
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 19 , 2005, Pages: 001-011 | |
| |
Rate of Compliance among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension | |
| Waleed Sweileh*, Ola Aker**, Saed Hamooz** | |
| waleedsweileh@yahoo.com | |
| *College of Pharmacy. An-Najah National University. **Ministry of Health. Nablus Palestine. | |
| Received : 29-12-2003 , Accepted : 31-10-2004 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
The purpose of this study is to measure the rate of compliance of patients with chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) who attend the clinics of the ministry of health (MOH) in northern Palestine. Three hundred and twenty one (321) patients are personally interviewed using graded questionnaire to assess their compliance. The results has shown that there is 6.5% non-compliance, 52.4% poor/partial compliance and 42.1% good compliance among the tested sample. The percentage of noncompliance is correlated with the percentage of illiteracy and lack of drug and disease knowledge among the tested sample. Gender and place of living are not influential while age, education, and type of disease are influential on patient’s rate of compliance. Diabetic patients have better overall rate of compliance than hypertensive patients. These results should encourage the health authorities in Palestine to implement techniques that would monitor and enhance the patient’s compliance. This would ultimately reduce national health costs and increase the patient’s desired therapeutic outcome. | |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D286
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Natural Products in Palestine
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Natural Products in Palestine |
| Nidal Jaradat |
| nidaljaradat@najah.edu |
| College of Pharmacy. An-Najah National University. Nablus. Palestine |
| Received : 30-06-2004 , Accepted : 10-04-2005 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Traditional remedies are part of the cultural and religious life in Palestine. In this survey, herbal products used in folk medicine were investigated and recorded. A total of two hundred and sixteen (216) different plant species, sixty (60) inorganic resources, and fifty two (52) animal products were in use. Among these medicinal plants, twenty one (21) were used for their hypoglycemic effects, eleven (11) were used for their hypotensive effects, and forty (40) were used for their diuretic effects. Reservation of endangered medicinal plant species as well as clinical investigation of these plants is रेकुइरेड .http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D287 |
Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network
Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network |
| Osama Abaza*, Lana Shahein** |
| almabaza@hotmail.com |
| * Civil Engineering Department, An-Najah National University. **Engineer. Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 20-03-2006 , Accepted : 04-04-2007 |
| Language: English Publish Post |
Abstract |
The measurement and prediction of pavement performance condition is an essential component of any pavement management system। In this paper, performance evaluation method for Palestinian roadways was developed. Estimation of the flexible pavement performance life for maintenance and rehabilitation was presented. Data for model development was collected based on the pavement evaluation methods issued by the World Bank for developing countries. The performance model developed in this paper was based on evaluation of various deterministic and probabilistic models using surveyed data for arterials and village access roads in Palestine. The pavement performance models were developed based on calibration of surveyed pavement condition rating index using logistic growth model, and applying regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the logistic growth model performed well in fitting the calibrated data for the different roadways considered in this study and the Markov model fitted well for the overlaid arterials. The reconstructed arterial roadway system had longer average performance life than the overlaid arterials. Village access roadway system showed the same behavior. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D311 |
Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 21 , 2007, Pages: 063-083 | |
| |
Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine | |
| Hafez Shaheen, Riyad Abdel Karim | |
| shaheen@najah.edu | |
| Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine | |
| Received : 23-10-2004 , Accepted : 29-05-2007 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
Different treatment technologies are reported to have been applied for treating olive-mills wastewater (OMW). Among these are the anaerobic combined with aerobic, forced evaporation, chemical, and biological treatment methods. The reuse of the solid residue of olive-mills is reported, among others, as burning material or as filtering media. This paper evaluates the treatment options of the OMW generated in Palestine. It elaborates on the different treatment and management alternatives and examines their effectiveness. A sample of 20 Mills has been surveyed in the Nablus-Tulkarem region and their wastewater quantities and characteristics are presented. Centralized treatment and disposal plants for OMW are recommended as a practical option for Palestine. Oil-extraction process modifications in combination with forced evaporation are recommended as the most appropriate management and treatment option. | |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D313 | |
Ideal Bose Gas in Higher Dimensions
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 167-180 | |
| |
Ideal Bose Gas in Higher Dimensions | |
| Sami Al- Jaber | |
| jaber@najah.edu | |
| Department of Physics. Faculty of Science. An- Najah National University. Nablus. Palestine. | |
| Received : 24-11-2007 , Accepted : 08-04-2008 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
Some physical properties of the behavior of an ideal non- relativistic Bose gas in N – dimensional space are theoretically investigated. The general analytic expressions of the critical temperature Tc of Bose – Einstein condensation, and the high- temperature behavior of the gas have been derived. The dependence of these physical quantities on space dimension is discussed and some numerical values are calculated. Moreover, the limit of these quantities in the infinite dimensional space (N ) is also examined. | |
http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D363
RNAi Inhibition of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) Gene Expression in CHO Cell Line
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 145-165 | |
| |
RNAi Inhibition of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) Gene Expression in CHO Cell Line | |
| Bilal Ghareeb | |
| bghareeb@aauj.edu | |
| Department of Biology and Biotechnology. Faculty of Science. Arab American University. Jenin. Palestine. | |
| Received : 29-09-2007 , Accepted : 08-04-2008 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) causes great losses and is life threatening to both wild and domestic rabbits. This work represents the first step toward production of transgenic rabbits resistant to RHDV by RNAi through the inhibition of expression of a part of the RHDV genome and the consequent inhibition of its multiplication. This part of RHDV genome is available under the accession EU003582.1 in NCBI from the nucleotide 372 to 392 (McIntosh et al., 2007). Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line was transfected with a plasmid harboring the RHDV target in the DNA segment coding for luciferase (fusion protein) and co-transfected with another plasmid harboring a DNA sequence designed to code for a homologous double stranded RNA sequence of 21 pb. This sequence acts as siRNA to inhibit the expression of the viral genomic part through RNAi. The series of co-transfection resulted in an inhibition level ranging from 82 to 87% of expression of the fusion protein and consequently of the RHDV target. These results are encouraging. However, further investigations are necessary to obtain more inhibition ex-vivo with validation in vivo using transgenic रब्बिट्स .http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D362 | |
Effect of Pruning on some Physiological and Anatomical Features in Olive
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 093-108 | |
| |
Effect of Pruning on some Physiological and Anatomical Features in Olive Transplants (Olea europaea L.) | |
| “Rezq Basheer” Salimia | |
| rezqbasheer@hebron.edu | |
| Department of Plant Production and Protection. Faculty of Agriculture. Hebron University. Hebron. Palestine. | |
| Received : 14-07-2007 , Accepted : 08-04-2008 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
The effect of pruning (cut-back at 5cm height) in comparison to no pruning (plants with central leader) was studied at eco-physiological and anatomical levels in olive trees। Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, turgor potential, relative water content, and different anatomical features were reported. The results indicate that, non-pruned plants presented higher value of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance compared to the pruned plants. In addition, they maintain higher turgor potential for the same values of relative water content (RWC). At anatomical level, non-pruned plants exhibited higher relative volume of spongy cells, spongy thickness and significantly higher number of vascular bundles per leaf section compared to the pruned plants. Palisade parenchyma thicknesses as well as non-glandular hair density (No./mm2) were lower in pruned plants. Possible effect of pruning on juvenility is discussed. http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D360 | |
الأربعاء، 2 ديسمبر 2009
The Extended Center of Groups
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 067-076 | |
| |
The Extended Center of Groups | |
| As’ad Y. As’ad | |
| aasad@iugaza.edu.ps | |
| Department of Mathematics. Faculty of Science. Islamic University. Gaza. Palestine | |
| Received : 19-03-2007 , Accepted : 08-04-2008 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
In this paper we define and study a new concept called the extended center of a group. Some examples are given and some results are obtained to explain some of the properties of the extended center of a group. Finally, homomorphism and extended center of groups are स्तुदिएद http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D358 | |
Simplex Linear Codes Over the Ring F2 + vF2 |
| Mohammed AL-Ashker, Ibtisam Isleem |
| mashker@mail.iugaza.edu |
| Mathematics Department. Faculty of Science. Islamic University. Gaza, Palestine |
| Received : 21-02-2007 , Accepted : 28-02-2008 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
In this paper, we construct simplex linear codes over the ring of types , where and . We also determine some of their properties. These codes are extension and generalization of simplex codes over the rings . |
Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank
Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank |
| Ayed Salama, Osama Aljoaba |
| ayedg@Hebron.edu |
| Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Agriculture. Hebron University. Hebron. Palestine |
| Received : 09-05-2007 , Accepted : 28-02-2008 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The influence of excluding grazing on range vegetation attributes was studied at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank। Vegetation attributes were compared at a grazed plot and an ungrazed plot in the years 2004 and 2005. Results showed that plant density in the excluding grazing area was (518.9 Plants m-2) higher (p <0.05) than that in grazed plot (194.4 plants m-2) in the year 2005. In addition, total plant cover averaged 94% and 93% in ungrazed plots while 54% and 68% in grazed plots during the years 2004 and 2005 respectively. By April, 70% of plant biomass was already utilized by grazing ruminants, and subsequently induced change in the botanical composition by increasing unpalatable species like: Sarcopoterium spinosum, Asphodelus aestivus, Echinops polyceras, and Eryngium creticum in grazed plot. At the ungrazed plot, palatable species such as Medicago spp, Bromus spp, Hordeum spp, Aegilops spp, Poa bulbosa and Avena sterilis were dominant. In addition, vegetation in the ungrazed plot was more diverse than in the grazed plot, moreover, excluding grazing increased species richness by 57 %. Results indicated that overgrazing induced vegetation retrogression and reduced the length of the grazing period for two months only. In conclusion, selection of suitable grazing management, mainly grazing time and stocking rate, at rangelands in Southern West Bank is an urgent practice that should be implemented to stop the vegetation retrogression trend of these http://www.najah.edu/index.php?page=2149&l=en&extra=%26id%3D357 |
Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 043-066 | |
| |
Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank | |
| Ayed Salama, Osama Aljoaba | |
| ayedg@Hebron.edu | |
| Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Agriculture. Hebron University. Hebron. Palestine | |
| Received : 09-05-2007 , Accepted : 28-02-2008 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
The influence of excluding grazing on range vegetation attributes was studied at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank. Vegetation attributes were compared at a grazed plot and an ungrazed plot in the years 2004 and 2005. Results showed that plant density in the excluding grazing area was (518.9 Plants m-2) higher (p <0.05)> | |
Hydrostatic Stress Effect on the Optical Performance and the Stress Sensitivity of Optical Nonlinear Waveguide
| An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences (A) ISSN: 1727-2114 | |
| Volume 22 , 2008, Pages: 001-016 | |
| |
Hydrostatic Stress Effect on the Optical Performance and the Stress Sensitivity of Optical Nonlinear Waveguide | |
| Hala El-Khozondar | |
| hkhozondar@mail.iugaza.edu | |
| Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Islamic University. Gaza. Palestine. | |
| Received : 19-02-2007 , Accepted : 27-11-2007 | |
| Language: English | |
Abstract | |
Sensitivity of optical parameters is a significant topic in developing optoelectronic devices. The stress sensitivity of nonlinear optical waveguides is closely related to hydrostatic stress. The hydrostatic stress can cause anisotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of the refractive index. In this paper analytical and numerical calculations are performed to study the effect of hydrostatic stress on the sensitivity of nonlinear optical waveguide sensors. The optical performance of the waveguide sensors under various hydrostatic stress states is also investigated. Transverse magnetic modes (TM) are considered in addition to transverse electric modes (TE) to study anisotropy. It is found that the value of the hydrostatic stress can change the value of the cutoff thickness. These changes may induce multimode. Moreover, the hydrostatic stresses influence the values of the stress sensitivity of the waveguide sensors and present anisotropic behavior to the | |